기본
- 넓이 A : f(0)=∫dA
- 1차 모멘트 Q : f(y)=∫ydA
- 2차 모멘트 I : f(y2)=∫y2dA
Axixally loaded Members
- Mx=∫σydA, My=∫σxdA
- δ=∫0Ldδ=∫0LEAxPxdx
- U=W=∫0δPdδ=∫0LEAxPx2dx
Torsion
- Ip=∫ρ2dA
- ϕ=∫0Ldϕ=∫0LGIpxTxdx
Normal Stresses in Beams
- M=∫σxydA=−κE∫y2dA
- τ=IbV∫ydA